Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol with a novel TiO2/Ti-Fe-graphite felt photoelectrocatalytic oxidation process

Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP)was studied in a novel three-electrode photoelectrocatalytic(PEC)integrative oxidation process,and the factors influencing the degradation rate,such as applied current,flow speed of O_2,pH,adscititious voltage and initial 2,4-DCP concentration were investigated and optimized.H_2O_2 was produced nearby cathode and Fe~(2 )continuously generated from Fe anode in solution when current and O_2 were applied,so,main reactions,H_2O_2-assisted TiO_2 PEC oxidation and E-Fenton reaction,occurred during degradation of 2,4-DCP in this integrative system.The degradation ratio of 2,4-DCP was 93% in this integrative oxidation process,while it was only 31% in E-Fenton process and 46% in H_2O_2-assisted TiO_2 PEC process.So,it revealed that the degradation of 2,4-DCP was improved greatly by photoelectrical cooperation effect.By the investigation of pH,it showed that this integrative process could work well in a wide pH range from pH 3 to pH 9.     

阴极射线管中低熔点玻璃的溶解规律研究

阴极射线管是电子显示系统的主要部件,含有大量铅,其废弃物的浸出毒性超过我国危险废物鉴别标准.废阴极射线管资源化的关键是锥-屏的分离,分离后的锥-屏玻璃可用于显像管的再制造、铅的提炼和玻璃的再生产等.采用超声波辅助酸-热冲击法对低熔点玻璃的溶解规律进行研究的结果表明,同乙酸相比硝酸溶解低熔点玻璃的速率更大,硝酸浓度对低熔点玻璃的溶解速率有影响;低熔点玻璃中存在的金属离子与硝酸反应后生成的物质,如硝酸铅、硝酸钡、硝酸锌及硼酸等的存在会使低熔点玻璃的溶解速率降低.     

星载无源微波器件加速寿命试验方法研究

目的 为星载无源微波器件能够在地面通过加速寿命试验验证其在轨可靠性和寿命提供理论依据和试验方法.方法 设计一种温度和功率同时作用下的双应力加速寿命数学模型,通过分析加速应力与寿命的对应关系,设计科学合理的加速寿命试验方案,通过分析加速寿命试验下器件指标的变化,给出器件可靠性和寿命评估结果.结果 以某隔离器这一典型无源微波器件为例,在选取激活能0.8 eV下,利用温度-功率双应力加速寿命数学模型,计算得隔离器要满足10 a的在轨寿命和可靠性,加速寿命试验时间需不低于1230 h.通过1300 h以上的加速寿命试验,对比试验前后隔离器指标,隔离器的正向损耗恶化了0.07 dB,说明加速寿命试验对产品电性能老化有一定影响,但指标变化均在技术要求范围内,产品能够满足可靠性和寿命要求.结论 设计的温度-功率双应力加速寿命数学模型和加速寿命试验方案,能够为星载无源微波器件高可靠长寿命验证提供参考和借鉴.     

旋流板塔双碱法在熔化炉废气脱硫除尘中的应用

采用旋流板塔双碱法处理熔化炉废气 ,二氧化硫平均浓度从 12 5 9 5 5mg Nm3降至 43 9 90mg Nm3,烟尘从63 9 97mg Nm3降至 5 1 96mg Nm3,二氧化硫平均去降率 65 1% ,烟尘平均去除率 91 9%     

还原－衍生化高分辨气相色谱法测定复杂样品中痕量硝基多环芳烃（NO2－PAH）的研究

研究了还原－七氟丁酸酐性生化高分辨气相色谱－ＥＣＤ测定痕量硝基多环芳烃的方法。该法具有选择性好，灵敏度高的特点，适合于复杂样品痕量硝基多环芳的测定。建议采用以氨基多环芳烃ＨＦＢＡ衍生物为参比的ＨＦＢＡＰＡＨ保留指数体系，利用保留指数进行双柱定性成功地在碳黑样品提取中检出包括１－ＮＯ２茈在内的９种ＮＯ２－ＰＡＨ并提出了定量结果。     

MODIFIED WATER QUANTITY RECEIVING MODEL FOR FLORIDA CONSERVATION AREAS1

ABSTRACT: The Conservation Areas in South Florida have been considered as one of the major water storage areas to provide a water supply for the Everglades National Park and Lower East Coast (LEC). Due to the increasing water demands of the area, additional backpumping of the surplus runoff from the LEC area into the Conservation Areas has been considered as one of several alternative plans. The Receiving Water Quantity (EPA, 1971) model has been adapted and modified to be applicable in the Conservation Areas to investigate the possible impact of additional inflow under various backpumping cases. The modification of the model included Manning's roughness coefficient, depth of flow, width of hypothetical channels through marsh areas, rainfall input, seepage rate, etc. The use of the Monte Carlo technique for area computations was found to be easy and time saving both in area and weighting rainfall input to each node. Comparison of results generated by this modified model with the recorded values in Conservation Areas 1 and 2A indicated that the model not only can be a very good evaluation tool to simulate the hydraulic regime of the Conservation Areas system but also a proper tool for investigating the impact of additional inflow resulting from the backpumping related to the water use planning and management.     

气体扩散电极体系电化学消毒

以自制活性炭/聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)气体扩散电极在无隔膜体系发生H2O2进行电化学消毒的系统研究,主要探讨了膜电极中PTFE质量分数W(PTFE)和造孔剂含量m(NH4HCO3),外部操作条件pH值和氧气流速Q(O2)对杀菌效果的影响.结果表明,W(PTFE)为0.5时,H2O2的产量最高.适量造孔剂的添加有效地提高了杀菌效率,与酸性条件相比,效果在中性条件下更为突出.BET比表面积分析结果表明,随着造孔剂含量的增加,膜电极表面的平均孔径先大幅度减小,后缓慢增加,这有助于电极上的气体传质效果.吸附在杀菌过程中起的作用不大.杀菌效率随着pH值的下降迅速提高,该体系pH值适用范围较广:当原水细菌总数为106CFU.mL-1,pH为3～10,以载铂量W(Pt)为3‰的气体扩散电极作为阴极进行电解,30 min后杀菌效率均能达到80%以上.在一定范围内增加氧气流速Q(O2)对H2O2的产生及杀菌效率的提高无太大影响.一方面,高的氧气流速增大了水的电阻,增加了杀菌能耗,提高气体扩散电极体系杀菌的运行成本;另一方面,高的氧气流速在一定程度上适当缩短了处理时间,降低了设备投资.机制研究表明,开始时阳极的直接氧化与自由基的产生起了重要作用;随着反应时间的延长,阴极H2O2间接杀菌的作用迅速增强;电解30 min后阴极室和阳极室的杀菌效率基本相当,此时两者的作用接近.     

用高浓度对苯二甲酸溶液产电的微生物燃料电池

以高浓度对苯二甲酸（TA）溶液为底物,研究微生物燃料电池的产电效果.以厌氧活性污泥作为接种体,经过210 h驯化,开路电压达到0.54 V,证明了TA可以作为微生物燃料电池的底物进行产电.深入研究了不同pH值和底物浓度对产电的影响,实验结果表明,当体系pH为8.0时,负载两端（R=1 000 Ω）电压最大,底物浓度越高,负载两端电压越大,并逐渐趋近于一个最大值,通过Monod方程回归得到该微生物燃料电池体系输出电压的最大值U_max为0.5 V,K_s值为785.2 mg/L.当底物浓度（以COD计）为4 000 mg/L时,最大输出功率密度为96.3 mW/m²,库仑效率为2.66%,COD去除率为80.3%.     

以吡啶和葡萄糖为燃料的MFC产电特性研究

不同类型的有机物对MFC的产电性能有不同的影响,通过构建填料型MFC,以吡啶和葡萄糖为混合燃料,以铁氰化钾为电子受体,对有机物在MFC中的降解以及产电性进行研究.结果表明,外阻为1 000Ω的条件下,MFC的最大输出电压随着葡萄糖浓度的降低而降低,当吡啶初始浓度为500 mg/L,葡萄糖浓度分别为500、250、100 mg/L时,运行周期逐渐缩短,分别为49.5、25.7、25.2 h;最大体积功率密度为48.5、36.2、15.2 W/m3,最高电压为623 mV.MFC可实现对吡啶的高效降解,24h内吡啶去除率高达95%,但葡萄糖的浓度对吡啶的降解速率影响不大;高浓度吡啶存在的条件下对MFC利用葡萄糖产电的性能影响不大.利用500 mg/L单一吡啶作为MFC的燃料时,无明显产电现象.MFC利用吡啶和葡萄糖作为混合燃料时,可以在实现吡啶降解的同时稳定地向外输出电能.     

串联微生物燃料电池的电压反转行为

微生物燃料电池是一种处理废水同时产电的具有广阔应用前景的新型水处理技术,其串联是产生更高电压的有效方法之一,但是会产生电压反转现象降低串联微生物燃料电池的性能.文章将二极管引入串联微生物燃料电池中以考察电压反转的行为.结果表明,不同的串联微生物燃料电池中均会发生电压反转.串联正向二极管的微生物燃料电池的电压反转行为与没...